Essay on Understanding Persons with Intellectual...

It is important to understand the terms that are associated with intellectual disabilities. The first term is disability. Disability is an individual performing which includes physical, sensory, cognitive, intellectual mental illness impairments, and various types of chronic diseases. The next term involves intelligence. This term is the ability to think logically, reason out problems, prepare, understand difficult ideas, examine intellectually, and the ability to determine quickly and or acquire from experience. Third term is adaptive behavior. Adaptive behavior is the collection of conceptual, social, and practical skills that all individuals learn in order to perform in their everyday lives. An example of conceptual skills is†¦show more content†¦This can include the daily, social, and physical skills of an individual. However, this disability is noticeable before the age of 18 in most individuals. In intellectual disabled individuals the characteristics reveals th at this disability is shown at birth and or shortly after. Therefore, these individuals have significant damage to their central nervous system, multiple disabilities, and or health conditions (Heward, 2009). However, the damage affects how the individual learn academic information. Also the intellectual functioning in individuals with intellectual disability have an IQ of 70 or below which is obtained by standardize testing or a batteries of tests. Therefore the main causes of intellectual disability are Down syndrome, Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders (FASD) and fragile x syndrome. Therefore, these causes can be categorized as genetic conditions, problems during pregnancy, problems at birth, problems after birth, and poverty and cultural deprivation. Genetic conditions can pertain to disorders of genes that were caused during pregnancy by infections. Problem during pregnancy is when illnesses of the mother during pregnancy occurred due to toxoplasmosis, cytomegalovirus, rubella and syphilis. The problem at birth can be caused by prematurity and low birth weight. Problems after birth can be a result of lead, mercury and other environmental toxins. Poverty and cultural deprivation is a result of childhoodShow MoreRelatedIntellectual Disabilities And Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder1493 Words   |  6 PagesGood evening Dr. Joseph and fellow colleagues, I am Samantha and this is Kezia and we will like to share with you for a few minutes our findings in relation to intellectual disabilities and Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder. Our presentation this evening will be in the form of audio-visual. These topics are very broad topics, but due to limitations of time we would only be able to cover a few points in that space of time. We will try to make it as interesting and informative as possible, butRead MoreMental Disabilities : Struggling With Loss And Grief870 Words   |  4 PagesDoka, K. J. Individuals with intellectual disabilities: Struggling with loss and grief. In RESCARE NZ. Retrieved from http://www.rescarenz.org.nz/Publications%20%20Papers/ciwid.pdf In his article Dr. Doka addresses the reasons that persons with ID need counseling, and how to better support them during times of grieving. He explains there are several reasons for improved bonding in the disabled community. These include a longer lifespan, and better community activities in group homes. He pointsRead MoreIntellectual Disabilities Essay1164 Words   |  5 PagesPersons with Intellectual Disabilities or Intellectually Disabled Persons: Which is the Classifying Entity? As I write this, sitting in a solitaire corner of the library, Im gently enclosing in my hand a simple rubber bracelet. My inspiration. Not the famous, bright yellow LiveStrong ones that Neil Armstrong once yielded, but a modest black band with contrasting white letters simply stating I See You. This statement may seem unpretentious and bland, maybe even comical to some, but it has a sincereRead MoreSpeaking About Sexual Practices With Others917 Words   |  4 PagesSpeaking about sexual practices with others can be an uncomfortable situation. If an individual has a disability, this conversation can be even more challenging. In fact, most of the population believe that those who have a disability not only should not have sex; that they simply are unable. This belief is false. It is crucial for the general population to understand that those with disabilities are just as capable of engaging in intimate acts with their loved ones as those who were born withoutRead MoreWhat s Eating G ilbert Grape?884 Words   |  4 Pagesplays Arnie Grape, a teenager with an intellectual disability. DiCaprio’s well-planned performance creates a believably realistic portrait of life for someone with autism and intellectual disability, showing the character’s own behaviors as well as reactions by family and community members. Arnie Grape exhibits many of the behaviors associated with autism spectrum disorder as well as intellectual disability in a more general sense. Intellectual disabilities may impact a person’s cognitive functionsRead MoreThe American Association Of Intellectual And Developmental Disabilities Essay1386 Words   |  6 Pages People with disabilities may be restricted from participating in events in society because of their functional disabilities. Environmental and personal factors also play a role in affecting people’s lives (CDC, 2014). According to the U.S. Department of Justice (2009): An individual with a disability is defined by the American with Disabilities Act (ADA) as a person who has a physical or mental impairment that substantially limits one or more major life activities, a person who has a historyRead MoreCharacter Analysis of Sam Dawson from the Film, I Am Sam1669 Words   |  7 Pageswho is a homeless person. There is not extensive information provided in the film regarding Sams upbringing, but based on his present situation, he is a well adjusted person in a middle class atmosphere. It seems he has enough assets to provide for himself and his daughter in a fairly independent basis. His daughter, Lucy, is happy and taken care of, but the tension begins when Lucy exceeds Sams mental capacity. Her peers ridicule her and her father because of his intellectual deficiencies, callingRead MoreNeeds of Diverse Students1384 Words   |  6 Pagesproviding for special needs children is essential to special education. Once a child has been diagnosis with a dis ability or multiple disabilities, a plan of care is initiated according to the severity of their condition and their needs. This plan is individualized; one child’s diagnosis is not a reflection of the wide range conditions that affect many children. Intellectual disabilities can be mild to profound, can be caused by different factors and can have a different impact on a student’s educationRead MoreEssay about Forest gump1423 Words   |  6 Pagesï » ¿Forrest Gump is a film that portrays the life of a man who has borderline intellectual functioning, from when he was young, all through his adulthood. Forrest was the victim of ongoing bullying and abuse from the mean-spirited children in his area. The movie shows the challenges he faced and how he overcame them, some with luck, but others with his ability; despite the fact that he has an IQ of 75. The story plays off in a series of decades in the life of Forrest Gump, a slow-witted yet athleticallyRead MoreThe Importance Of Providing Better Assessments For Adults With Disabilities1559 Words   |  7 Pagesinteractions, the basic unit of society. This research will focus on the importance of providing better assessments for Adults with Disabilities, before placing them into a specific housing setting, without undermining their independence level. In 1998, Wehmeyer and Bolding published a research article that focused on the enhancement of self-determination of adults with disabilities after they lived or worked in community-based environments. This research specifically focused on the intellectually disabled

Analysis Of Walt Disney s Disney - 2028 Words

If I say the word ‘Disney’, most people would automatically think of Mickey Mouse, Peter Pan, and all of the beloved characters that we’ve grown up with and grown fond of, right? Hollywood’s best known studio, Walt Disney Animation, wasn’t always a billion-dollar organization, but still, after almost 100 years, manages to capture the hearts and captivate the eyes of the world. In this expository essay, I will explain how Disney began, how it grew, and how it still manages to affect the world, even after Walt Disney’s death. Disney, the best known studio in Hollywood, California, started small. Walt Disney, and his brother Roy, produced many short live-action and animated films called the Alice Comedies in the back of a small office from Holly-Vermont Reality in Los Angeles in 1923, with the rent only $10 a month. By month four, the staff moved to a larger building, which read ‘Disney Bros. Studio’ on the window. One year later, Wa lt and Roy moved into a Hyperion Avenue lot in Los Angeles (‘The Walt Disney Studios History’). After failed attempts to make the audience enjoy the Alice Comedies, Disney created Oswald the Lucky Rabbit. Universal Pictures distributed it, but Disney lost the contract in February of 1928 to Charles Mintz. In 1928, Disney created a mouse, whom his wife wanted to call ‘Mortimer’, but he chose the name ‘Mickey’, with his chief animator, Ub Iwerks. Disney’s first sound film, Steamboat Willie, starring Mickey, released November 18, 1928. The third ofShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of Walt Disney s The Disney Company1126 Words   |  5 PagesThe Walt Disney Company Walt and Roy Disney founded the Walt Disney Company on October 16 of 1923, as the Disney Brothers Cartoon Studio. Established leader in the American animation industry that began with the Creation of Mickey Mouse; today, the Walt Disney Company is a diversified worldwide entertainment company. 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Also, Disney was created over 90 years ago, and till this very day its most entertaining animation company. Throughout period of time, they have played a tremendous role in how society displays gender roles. As Janet Wasko explains: â€Å"Disney provides an opportunity to analyse an entire popular cultural phenomenon fromRead MoreAnalysis Of Walt Disney s Magical Disney 1414 Words   |  6 Pagesâ€Å"Magical Disney† Can there be a world without Walt Disney? The answer is no, because he has transformed the way of the television and theme park industry that consists in our world today. Walt also brought great teachings and inspirations such as the ability to dream. Walt said,† If you can dream it you can do it. Walt Disney is a wonderful and patriotic man who had a wonderful and happy life doing what he loves, making other s dreams come true. First who is Walt Disney and how didRead MoreAnalysis Of Walt Disney s Transformational Leadership1726 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction The purpose of this paper is to act as a consulting analysis on how Walt Disney utilized his transformational leadership and brought to the world one of the most famous entertainment companies in the 20th century. Transformational leaders provide extraordinary motivation by appealing to people’s ideals and values and inspiring them to think about issues in new ways. It begins with a vision and the leader embeds that vision into others through encouragement, enthusiasm and motivationRead MoreAnalysis Of Walt Disney s The Great Gatsby 1660 Words   |  7 PagesThis is the man who created the happiest place on earth. This.Is. Walt. Disney *que cartoon* Walt Disney’s Steamboat Willie, the first of many other Mickey Mouse cartoons, was a great hit all over the world. But it took a difficult and long journey to be where his legacy is today. 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No two love stories are ever theRead MoreAnalysis Of Walt Disney s Public Limited Company1262 Words   |  6 PagesWalt Disney Public Limited Company 4.5 Detailed explanation of ratios and detail analysis of the company Liquidity ratio is consists of current and acid ratio. It is used to assess firm’s ability to its short-term debts. It does not count about profit but working capital, which is important to ability of paying its short-term debt of the business. Current Ratio analysis Current Ratio is used by business to compare its current liability with current assets. Preferable current ratio is advised toRead MoreAnalysis Of Walt Disney s The Happiest Place On Earth 1159 Words   |  5 Pages The Legend A man by the name of Walt Disney, is the ideal symbol of an American hero. Disney is known to bring inspiration and imagination into many of his productions. Disneyland, the happiest place on earth, was built by Disney in the late forties. 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The Da Vinci Code Chapter 33-37 Free Essays

CHAPTER 33 Sophie’s SmartCar tore through the diplomatic quarter, weaving past embassies and consulates, finally racing out a side street and taking a right turn back onto the massive thoroughfare of Champs-Elysees. Langdon sat white-knuckled in the passenger seat, twisted backward, scanning behind them for any signs of the police. He suddenly wished he had not decided to run. We will write a custom essay sample on The Da Vinci Code Chapter 33-37 or any similar topic only for you Order Now You didn’t, he reminded himself. Sophie had made the decision for him when she threw the GPS dot out the bathroom window. Now, as they sped away from the embassy, serpentining through sparse traffic on Champs-Elysees, Langdon felt his options deteriorating. Although Sophie seemed to have lost the police, at least for the moment, Langdon doubted their luck would hold for long. Behind the wheel Sophie was fishing in her sweater pocket. She removed a small metal object and held it out for him. â€Å"Robert, you’d better have a look at this. This is what my grandfather left me behind Madonna of the Rocks.† Feeling a shiver of anticipation, Langdon took the object and examined it. It was heavy and shaped like a cruciform. His first instinct was that he was holding a funeral pieu – a miniature version of a memorial spike designed to be stuck into the ground at a gravesite. But then he noted the shaft protruding from the cruciform was prismatic and triangular. The shaft was also pockmarked with hundreds of tiny hexagons that appeared to be finely tooled and scattered at random. â€Å"It’s a laser-cut key,† Sophie told him. â€Å"Those hexagons are read by an electric eye.† A key? Langdon had never seen anything like it. â€Å"Look at the other side,† she said, changing lanes and sailing through an intersection. When Langdon turned the key, he felt his jaw drop. There, intricately embossed on the center of the cross, was a stylized fleur-de-lis with the initials P. S. !† Sophie,† he said,† this is the seal I told you about! The official device of the Priory of Sion.† She nodded. â€Å"As I told you, I saw the key a long time ago. He told me never to speak of it again.† Langdon’s eyes were still riveted on the embossed key. Its high-tech tooling and age-oldsymbolism exuded an eerie fusion of ancient and modern worlds. â€Å"He told me the key opened a box where he kept many secrets.† Langdon felt a chill to imagine what kind of secrets a man like Jacques Sauniere might keep. What an ancient brotherhood was doing with a futuristic key, Langdon had no idea. The Priory existed for the sole purpose of protecting a secret. A secret of incredible power. Could this key have something to do with it? The thought was overwhelming. â€Å"Do you know what it opens?† Sophie looked disappointed. â€Å"I was hoping you knew.† Langdon remained silent as he turned the cruciform in his hand, examining it. â€Å"It looks Christian,† Sophie pressed. Langdon was not so sure about that. The head of this key was not the traditional long-stemmed Christian cross but rather was a square cross – with four arms of equal length – which predated Christianity by fifteen hundred years. This kind of cross carried none of the Christian connotations of crucifixion associated with the longer-stemmed Latin Cross, originated by Romans as a torture device. Langdon was always surprised how few Christians who gazed upon† the crucifix† realized their symbol’s violent history was reflected in its very name:† cross† and† crucifix† came from the Latin verb cruciare – to torture. â€Å"Sophie,† he said,† all I can tell you is that equal-armed crosses like this one are considered peaceful crosses. Their square configurations make them impractical for use in crucifixion, and their balanced vertical and horizontal elements convey a natural union of male and female, making them symbolically consistent with Priory philosophy.† She gave him a weary look. â€Å"You have no idea, do you?† Langdon frowned. â€Å"Not a clue.† â€Å"Okay, we have to get off the road.† Sophie checked her rearview mirror. â€Å"We need a safe place to figure out what that key opens.† Langdon thought longingly of his comfortable room at the Ritz. Obviously, that was not an option. â€Å"How about my hosts at the American University of Paris?† â€Å"Too obvious. Fache will check with them.† â€Å"You must know people. You live here.† â€Å"Fache will run my phone and e-mail records, talk to my coworkers. My contacts are compromised, and finding a hotel is no good because they all require identification.† Langdon wondered again if he might have been better off taking his chances letting Fache arrest him at the Louvre. â€Å"Let’s call the embassy. I can explain the situation and have the embassy send someone to meet us somewhere.† â€Å"Meet us?† Sophie turned and stared at him as if he were crazy. â€Å"Robert, you’re dreaming. Your embassy has no jurisdiction except on their own property. Sending someone to retrieve us would be considered aiding a fugitive of the French government. It won’t happen. If you walk into your embassy and request temporary asylum, that’s one thing, but asking them to take action against French law enforcement in the field?† She shook her head. â€Å"Call your embassy right now, and they are going to tell you to avoid further damage and turn yourself over to Fache. Then they’ll promise to pursue diplomatic channels to get you a fair trial.† She gazed up the line of elegant storefronts on Champs-Elysees. â€Å"How much cash do you have?† Langdon checked his wallet. â€Å"A hundred dollars. A few euro. Why?† â€Å"Credit cards?† â€Å"Of course.† As Sophie accelerated, Langdon sensed she was formulating a plan. Dead ahead, at the end of Champs-Elysees, stood the Arc de Triomphe – Napoleon’s 164-foot-tall tribute to his own military potency – encircled by France’s largest rotary, a nine-lane behemoth. Sophie’s eyes were on the rearview mirror again as they approached the rotary. â€Å"We lost them for the time being,† she said,† but we won’t last another five minutes if we stay in this car.† So steal a different one, Langdon mused, now that we’re criminals. â€Å"What are you going to do?† Sophie gunned the SmartCar into the rotary. â€Å"Trust me.† Langdon made no response. Trust had not gotten him very far this evening. Pulling back the sleeve of his jacket, he checked his watch – a vintage, collector’s-edition Mickey Mouse wristwatch that had been a gift from his parents on his tenth birthday. Although its juvenile dial often drew odd looks, Langdon had never owned any other watch; Disney animations had been his first introduction to the magic of form and color, and Mickey now served as Langdon’s daily reminder to stay young at heart. At the moment, however, Mickey’s arms were skewed at an awkward angle, indicating an equally awkward hour. 2:51 A. M. â€Å"Interesting watch,† Sophie said, glancing at his wrist and maneuvering the SmartCar around the wide, counterclockwise rotary. â€Å"Long story,† he said, pulling his sleeve back down. â€Å"I imagine it would have to be.† She gave him a quick smile and exited the rotary, heading due north, away from the city center. Barely making two green lights, she reached the third intersection and took a hard right onto Boulevard Malesherbes. They’d left the rich, tree-lined streets of the diplomatic neighborhood and plunged into a darker industrial neighborhood. Sophie took a quick left, and a moment later, Langdon realized where they were. Gare Saint-Lazare. Ahead of them, the glass-roofed train terminal resembled the awkward offspring of an airplane hangar and a greenhouse. European train stations never slept. Even at this hour, a half-dozen taxi sidled near the main entrance. Vendors manned carts of sandwiches and mineral water while grungy kids in backpacks emerged from the station rubbing their eyes, looking around as if trying to remember what city they were in now. Up ahead on the street, a couple of city policemen stood on the curb giving directions to some confused tourists. Sophie pulled her SmartCar in behind the line of taxis and parked in a red zone despite plenty of legal parking across the street. Before Langdon could ask what was going on, she was out of the car. She hurried to the window of the taxi in front of them and began speaking to the driver. As Langdon got out of the SmartCar, he saw Sophie hand the taxi driver a big wad of cash. The taxi driver nodded and then, to Langdon’s bewilderment, sped off without them. â€Å"What happened?† Langdon demanded, joining Sophie on the curb as the taxi disappeared. Sophie was already heading for the train station entrance. â€Å"Come on. We’re buying two tickets on the next train out of Paris.† Langdon hurried along beside her. What had begun as a one-mile dash to the U. S. Embassy had now become a full-fledged evacuation from Paris. Langdon was liking this idea less and less. CHAPTER 34 The driver who collected Bishop Aringarosa from Leonardo Da Vinci International Airport pulled up in a small, unimpressive black Fiat sedan. Aringarosa recalled a day when all Vatican transports were big luxury cars that sported grille-plate medallions and flags emblazoned with the seal of the Holy See. Those days are gone.Vatican cars were now less ostentatious and almost always unmarked. The Vatican claimed this was to cut costs to better serve their dioceses, but Aringarosa suspected it was more of a security measure. The world had gone mad, and in many parts of Europe, advertising your love of Jesus Christ was like painting a bull’s-eye on the roof of your car. Bundling his black cassock around himself, Aringarosa climbed into the back seat and settled in for the long drive to Castel Gandolfo. It would be the same ride he had taken five months ago. Last year’s trip to Rome, he sighed. The longest night of my life. Five months ago, the Vatican had phoned to request Aringarosa’s immediate presence in Rome. They offered no explanation. Your tickets are at the airport.The Holy See worked hard to retain a veil of mystery, even for its highest clergy. The mysterious summons, Aringarosa suspected, was probably a photo opportunity for the Pope and other Vatican officials to piggyback on Opus Dei’s recent public success – the completion of their World Headquarters in New York City. Architectural Digest had called Opus Dei’s building† a shining beacon of Catholicism sublimely integrated with the modern landscape,† and lately the Vatican seemed to be drawn to anything and everything that included the word† modern.† Aringarosa had no choice but to accept the invitation, albeit reluctantly. Not a fan of the current papal administration, Aringarosa, like most conservative clergy, had watched with grave concern as the new Pope settled into his first year in office. An unprecedented liberal, His Holiness had secured the papacy through one of the most controversial and unusual conclaves in Vatican history. Now, rather than being humbled by his unexpected rise to power, the Holy Father had wasted no time flexing all the muscle associated with the highest office in Christendom. Drawing on an unsettling tide of liberal support within the College of Cardinals, the Pope was now declaring his papal mission to be† rejuvenation of Vatican doctrine and updating Catholicism into the third millennium.† The translation, Aringarosa feared, was that the man was actually arrogant enough to think he could rewrite God’s laws and win back the hearts of those who felt the demands of true Catholicism had become too inconvenient in a modern world. Aringarosa had been using all of his political sway – substantial considering the size of the Opus Dei constituency and their bankroll – to persuade the Pope and his advisers that softening the Church’s laws was not only faithless and cowardly, but political suicide. He reminded them that previous tempering of Church law – the Vatican II fiasco – had left a devastating legacy: Church attendance was now lower than ever, donations were drying up, and there were not even enough Catholic priests to preside over their churches. People need structure and direction from the Church, Aringarosa insisted, not coddling and indulgence! On that night, months ago, as the Fiat had left the airport, Aringarosa was surprised to find himself heading not toward Vatican City but rather eastward up a sinuous mountain road. â€Å"Where are we going?† he had demanded of his driver. â€Å"Alban Hills,† the man replied. â€Å"Your meeting is at Castel Gandolfo.† The Pope’s summer residence? Aringarosa had never been, nor had he ever desired to see it. In addition to being the Pope’s summer vacation home, the sixteenth-century citadel housed the Specula Vaticana – the Vatican Observatory – one of the most advanced astronomical observatories in Europe. Aringarosa had never been comfortable with the Vatican’s historical need to dabble in science. What was the rationale for fusing science and faith? Unbiased science could not possibly be performed by a man who possessed faith in God. Nor did faith have any need for physical confirmation of its beliefs. Nonetheless, there it is, he thought as Castel Gandolfo came into view, rising against a star-filled November sky. From the access road, Gandolfo resembled a great stone monster pondering a suicidal leap. Perched at the very edge of a cliff, the castle leaned out over the cradle of Italian civilization – the valley where the Curiazi and Orazi clans fought long before the founding of Rome. Even in silhouette, Gandolfo was a sight to behold – an impressive example of tiered, defensive architecture, echoing the potency of this dramatic cliff side setting. Sadly, Aringarosa now saw, the Vatican had ruined the building by constructing two huge aluminum telescope domes atop the roof, leaving this once dignified edifice looking like a proud warrior wearing a couple of party hats. When Aringarosa got out of the car, a young Jesuit priest hurried out and greeted him. â€Å"Bishop, welcome. I am Father Mangano. An astronomer here.† Good for you.Aringarosa grumbled his hello and followed his host into the castle’s foyer – a wide- open space whose decor was a graceless blend of Renaissance art and astronomy images. Following his escort up the wide travertine marble staircase, Aringarosa saw signs for conference centers, science lecture halls, and tourist information services. It amazed him to think the Vatican was failing at every turn to provide coherent, stringent guidelines for spiritual growth and yet somehow still found time to give astrophysics lectures to tourists. â€Å"Tell me,† Aringarosa said to the young priest,† when did the tail start wagging the dog?† The priest gave him an odd look. â€Å"Sir?† Aringarosa waved it off, deciding not to launch into that particular offensive again this evening. The Vatican has gone mad.Like a lazy parent who found it easier to acquiesce to the whims of a spoiled child than to stand firm and teach values, the Church just kept softening at every turn, trying to reinvent itself to accommodate a culture gone astray. The top floor’s corridor was wide, lushly appointed, and led in only one direction – toward a huge set of oak doors with a brass sign. BIBLIOTECA ASTRONOMICA Aringarosa had heard of this place – the Vatican’s Astronomy Library – rumored to contain more than twenty-five thousand volumes, including rare works of Copernicus, Galileo, Kepler, Newton, and Secchi. Allegedly, it was also the place in which the Pope’s highest officers held private meetings†¦ those meetings they preferred not to hold within the walls of Vatican City. Approaching the door, Bishop Aringarosa would never have imagined the shocking news he was about to receive inside, or the deadly chain of events it would put into motion. It was not until an hour later, as he staggered from the meeting, that the devastating implications settled in. Six monthsfrom now! he had thought. God help us! Now, seated in the Fiat, Bishop Aringarosa realized his fists were clenched just thinking about that first meeting. He released his grip and forced a slow inhalation, relaxing his muscles. Everything will be fine, he told himself as the Fiat wound higher into the mountains. Still, he wished his cell phone would ring. Why hasn’t the Teacher called me? Silas should have the keystone by now. Trying to ease his nerves, the bishop meditated on the purple amethyst in his ring. Feeling the textures of the mitre-crozier applique and the facets of the diamonds, he reminded himself that this ring was a symbol of power far less than that which he would soon attain. CHAPTER 35 The inside of Gare Saint-Lazare looked like every other train station in Europe, a gaping indoor- outdoor cavern dotted with the usual suspects – homeless men holding cardboard signs, collections of bleary-eyed college kids sleeping on backpacks and zoning out to their portable MP3 players, and clusters of blue-clad baggage porters smoking cigarettes. Sophie raised her eyes to the enormous departure board overhead. The black and white tabs reshuffled, ruffling downward as the information refreshed. When the update was finished, Langdon eyed the offerings. The topmost listing read: LYON – RAPIDE – 3:06 â€Å"I wish it left sooner,† Sophie said,† but Lyon will have to do.† Sooner? Langdon checked his watch 2:59 A. M. The train left in seven minutes and they didn’t even have tickets yet. Sophie guided Langdon toward the ticket window and said,† Buy us two tickets with your credit card.† â€Å"I thought credit card usage could be traced by – â€Å"Exactly.† Langdon decided to stop trying to keep ahead of Sophie Neveu. Using his Visa card, he purchased two coach tickets to Lyon and handed them to Sophie. Sophie guided him out toward the tracks, where a familiar tone chimed overhead and a P. A. announcer gave the final boarding call for Lyon. Sixteen separate tracks spread out before them. In the distance to the right, at quay three, the train to Lyon was belching and wheezing in preparation for departure, but Sophie already had her arm through Langdon’s and was guiding him in the exact opposite direction. They hurried through a side lobby, past an all-night cafe, and finally out a side door onto a quiet street on the west side of the station. A lone taxi sat idling by the doorway. The driver saw Sophie and flicked his lights. Sophie jumped in the back seat. Langdon got in after her. As the taxi pulled away from station, Sophie took out their newly purchased train tickets and tore them up. Langdon sighed. Seventy dollars well spent. It was not until their taxi had settled into a monotonous northbound hum on Rue de Clichy that Langdon felt they’d actually escaped. Out the window to his right, he could see Montmartre and the beautiful dome of Sacre-Coeur. The image was interrupted by the flash of police lights sailing past them in the opposite direction. Langdon and Sophie ducked down as the sirens faded. Sophie had told the cab driver simply to head out of the city, and from her firmly set jaw, Langdon sensed she was trying to figure out their next move. Langdon examined the cruciform key again, holding it to the window, bringing it close to his eyes in an effort to find any markings on it that might indicate where the key had been made. In the intermittent glow of passing streetlights, he saw no markings except the Priory seal. â€Å"It doesn’t make sense,† he finally said. â€Å"Which part?† â€Å"That your grandfather would go to so much trouble to give you a key that you wouldn’t know what to do with.† â€Å"I agree.† â€Å"Are you sure he didn’t write anything else on the back of the painting?† â€Å"I searched the whole area. This is all there was. This key, wedged behind the painting. I saw the Priory seal, stuck the key in my pocket, then we left.† Langdon frowned, peering now at the blunt end of the triangular shaft. Nothing. Squinting, he brought the key close to his eyes and examined the rim of the head. Nothing there either. â€Å"I think this key was cleaned recently.† â€Å"Why?† â€Å"It smells like rubbing alcohol.† She turned. â€Å"I’m sorry?† â€Å"It smells like somebody polished it with a cleaner.† Langdon held the key to his nose and sniffed. â€Å"It’s stronger on the other side.† He flipped it over. â€Å"Yes, it’s alcohol-based, like it’s been buffed with a cleaner or – † Langdon stopped. â€Å"What?† He angled the key to the light and looked at the smooth surface on the broad arm of the cross. It seemed to shimmer in places†¦ like it was wet. â€Å"How well did you look at the back of this key before you put it in your pocket?† â€Å"What? Not well. I was in a hurry.† Langdon turned to her. â€Å"Do you still have the black light?† Sophie reached in her pocket and produced the UV penlight. Langdon took it and switched it on, shining the beam on the back of the key. The back luminesced instantly. There was writing there. In penmanship that was hurried but legible. â€Å"Well,† Langdon said, smiling. â€Å"I guess we know what the alcohol smell was.† Sophie stared in amazement at the purple writing on the back of the key. 24 Rue Haxo An address! My grandfather wrote down an address! â€Å"Where is this?† Langdon asked. Sophie had no idea. Facing front again, she leaned forward and excitedly asked the driver,†Connaissez-vous la Rue Haxo?† The driver thought a moment and then nodded. He told Sophie it was out near the tennis stadium on the western outskirts of Paris. She asked him to take them there immediately. â€Å"Fastest route is through Bois de Boulogne,† the driver told her in French. â€Å"Is that okay?† Sophie frowned. She could think of far less scandalous routes, but tonight she was not going to be picky. â€Å"Oui.† We can shock the visiting American. Sophie looked back at the key and wondered what they would possibly find at 24 Rue Haxo. A church? Some kind of Priory headquarters? Her mind filled again with images of the secret ritual she had witnessed in the basement grotto ten years ago, and she heaved a long sigh. â€Å"Robert, I have a lot of things to tell you.† She paused, locking eyes with him as the taxi raced westward. â€Å"But first I want you to tell me everything you know about this Priory of Sion.† CHAPTER 36 Outside the Salle des Etats, Bezu Fache was fuming as Louvre warden Grouard explained how Sophie and Langdon had disarmed him. Why didn’t you just shoot the blessed painting! â€Å"Captain?† Lieutenant Collet loped toward them from the direction of the command post. â€Å"Captain, I just heard. They located Agent Neveu’s car.† â€Å"Did she make the embassy?† â€Å"No. Train station. Bought two tickets. Train just left.† Fache waved off warden Grouard and led Collet to a nearby alcove, addressing him in hushed tones. â€Å"What was the destination?† â€Å"Lyon.† â€Å"Probably a decoy.† Fache exhaled, formulating a plan. â€Å"Okay, alert the next station, have the train stopped and searched, just in case. Leave her car where it is and put plainclothes on watch in case they try to come back to it. Send men to search the streets around the station in case they fled on foot. Are buses running from the station?† â€Å"Not at this hour, sir. Only the taxi queue.† â€Å"Good. Question the drivers. See if they saw anything. Then contact the taxi company dispatcher with descriptions. I’m calling Interpol.† Collet looked surprised. â€Å"You’re putting this on the wire?† Fache regretted the potential embarrassment, but he saw no other choice. Close the net fast, and close it tight. The first hour was critical. Fugitives were predictable the first hour after escape. They always needed the same thing. Travel.Lodging.Cash.The Holy Trinity. Interpol had the power to make all three disappear in the blink of an eye. By broadcast-faxing photos of Langdon and Sophie to Paris travel authorities, hotels, and banks, Interpol would leave no options – no way to leave the city, no place to hide, and no way to withdraw cash without being recognized. Usually, fugitives panicked on the street and did something stupid. Stole a car. Robbed a store. Used a bank card in desperation. Whatever mistake they committed, they quickly made their whereabouts known to local authorities. â€Å"Only Langdon, right?† Collet said. â€Å"You’re not flagging Sophie Neveu. She’s our own agent.† â€Å"Of course I’m flagging her!† Fache snapped. â€Å"What good is flagging Langdon if she can do all his dirty work? I plan to run Neveu’s employment file – friends, family, personal contacts – anyone she might turn to for help. I don’t know what she thinks she’s doing out there, but it’s going to cost her one hell of a lot more than her job!† â€Å"Do you want me on the phones or in the field?† â€Å"Field. Get over to the train station and coordinate the team. You’ve got the reins, but don’t make a move without talking to me.† â€Å"Yes, sir.† Collet ran out. Fache felt rigid as he stood in the alcove. Outside the window, the glass pyramid shone, its reflection rippling in the windswept pools. They slipped through my fingers.He told himself to relax. Even a trained field agent would be lucky to withstand the pressure that Interpol was about to apply. A female cryptologist and a schoolteacher? They wouldn’t last till dawn. CHAPTER 37 The heavily forested park known as the Bois de Boulogne was called many things, but the Parisian cognoscenti knew it as† the Garden of Earthly Delights.† The epithet, despite sounding flattering, was quite to the contrary. Anyone who had seen the lurid Bosch painting of the same name understood the jab; the painting, like the forest, was dark and twisted, a purgatory for freaks and fetishists. At night, the forest’s winding lanes were lined with hundreds of glistening bodies for hire, earthly delights to satisfy one’s deepest unspoken desires – male, female, and everything in between. As Langdon gathered his thoughts to tell Sophie about the Priory of Sion, their taxi passed through the wooded entrance to the park and began heading west on the cobblestone cross fare. Langdon was having trouble concentrating as a scattering of the park’s nocturnal residents were already emerging from the shadows and flaunting their wares in the glare of the headlights. Ahead, two topless teenage girls shot smoldering gazes into the taxi. Beyond them, a well-oiled black man in a G-string turned and flexed his buttocks. Beside him, a gorgeous blond woman lifted her miniskirt to reveal that she was not, in fact, a woman. Heaven help me! Langdon turned his gaze back inside the cab and took a deep breath. â€Å"Tell me about the Priory of Sion,† Sophie said. Langdon nodded, unable to imagine a less congruous a backdrop for the legend he was about to tell. He wondered where to begin. The brotherhood’s history spanned more than a millennium†¦ an astonishing chronicle of secrets, blackmail, betrayal, and even brutal torture at the hands of an angry Pope. â€Å"The Priory of Sion,† he began,† was founded in Jerusalem in 1099 by a French king named Godefroi de Bouillon, immediately after he had conquered the city.† Sophie nodded, her eyes riveted on him.† King Godefroi was allegedly the possessor of a powerful secret – a secret that had been in his family since the time of Christ. Fearing his secret might be lost when he died, he founded a secret brotherhood – the Priory of Sion – and charged them with protecting his secret by quietly passing it on from generation to generation. During their years in Jerusalem, the Priory learned of a stash of hidden documents buried beneath the ruins of Herod’s temple, which had been built atop the earlier ruins of Solomon’s Temple. These documents, they believed, corroborated Godefroi’s powerful secret and were so explosive in nature that the Church would stop at nothing to get them.† Sophie looked uncertain. â€Å"The Priory vowed that no matter how long it took, these documents must be recovered from the rubble beneath the temple and protected forever, so the truth would never die. In order to retrieve the documents from within the ruins, the Priory created a military arm – a group of nine knights called the Order of the Poor Knights of Christ and the Temple of Solomon.† Langdon paused. â€Å"More commonly known as the Knights Templar.† Sophie glanced up with a surprised look of recognition. Langdon had lectured often enough on the Knights Templar to know that almost everyone on earth had heard of them, at least abstractedly. For academics, the Templars’ history was a precarious world where fact, lore, and misinformation had become so intertwined that extracting a pristine truth was almost impossible. Nowadays, Langdon hesitated even to mention the Knights Templar while lecturing because it invariably led to a barrage of convoluted inquiries into assorted conspiracy theories. Sophie already looked troubled. â€Å"You’re saying the Knights Templar were founded by the Priory of Sion to retrieve a collection of secret documents? I thought the Templars were created to protect the Holy Land.† â€Å"A common misconception. The idea of protection of pilgrims was the guise under which the Templars ran their mission. Their true goal in the Holy Land was to retrieve the documents from beneath the ruins of the temple.† â€Å"And did they find them?† Langdon grinned. â€Å"Nobody knows for sure, but the one thing on which all academics agree is this: The Knights discovered something down there in the ruins†¦ something that made them wealthy and powerful beyond anyone’s wildest imagination.† Langdon quickly gave Sophie the standard academic sketch of the accepted Knights Templar history, explaining how the Knights were in the Holy Land during the Second Crusade and told King Baldwin II that they were there to protect Christian pilgrims on the roadways. Although unpaid and sworn to poverty, the Knights told the king they required basic shelter and requested his permission to take up residence in the stables under the ruins of the temple. King Baldwin granted the soldiers’ request, and the Knights took up their meager residence inside the devastated shrine. The odd choice of lodging, Langdon explained, had been anything but random. The Knights believed the documents the Priory sought were buried deep under the ruins – beneath the Holy of Holies, a sacred chamber where God Himself was believed to reside. Literally, the very center of the Jewish faith. For almost a decade, the nine Knights lived in the ruins, excavating in total secrecy through solid rock. Sophie looked over. â€Å"And you said they discovered something?† â€Å"They certainly did,† Langdon said, explaining how it had taken nine years, but the Knights had finally found what they had been searching for. They took the treasure from the temple and traveled to Europe, where their influence seemed to solidify overnight. Nobody was certain whether the Knights had blackmailed the Vatican or whether the Church simply tried to buy the Knights’ silence, but Pope Innocent II immediately issued an unprecedented papal bull that afforded the Knights Templar limitless power and declared them† a law unto themselves† – an autonomous army independent of all interference from kings and prelates, both religious and political. With their new carte blanche from the Vatican, the Knights Templar expanded at a staggering rate, both in numbers and political force, amassing vast estates in over a dozen countries. They began extending credit to bankrupt royals and charging interest in return, thereby establishing modern banking and broadening their wealth and influence still further. By the 1300s, the Vatican sanction had helped the Knights amass so much power that Pope Clement V decided that something had to be done. Working in concert with France’s King Philippe IV, the Pope devised an ingeniously planned sting operation to quash the Templars and seize their treasure, thus taking control of the secrets held over the Vatican. In a military maneuver worthy of the CIA, Pope Clement issued secret sealed orders to be opened simultaneously by his soldiers all across Europe on Friday, October 13 of 1307. At dawn on the thirteenth, the documents were unsealed and their appalling contents revealed. Clement’s letter claimed that God had visited him in a vision and warned him that the Knights Templar were heretics guilty of devil worship, homosexuality, defiling the cross, sodomy, and other blasphemous behavior. Pope Clement had been asked by God to cleanse the earth by rounding up all the Knights and torturing them until they confessed their crimes against God. Clement’s Machiavellian operation came off with clockwork precision. On that day, countless Knights were captured, tortured mercilessly, and finally burned at the stake as heretics. Echoes of the tragedy still resonated in modern culture; to this day, Friday the thirteenth was considered unlucky. Sophie looked confused. â€Å"The Knights Templar were obliterated? I thought fraternities of Templars still exist today?† â€Å"They do, under a variety of names. Despite Clement’s false charges and best efforts to eradicate them, the Knights had powerful allies, and some managed to escape the Vatican purges. The Templars’ potent treasure trove of documents, which had apparently been their source of power, was Clement’s true objective, but it slipped through his fingers. The documents had long since been entrusted to the Templars’ shadowy architects, the Priory of Sion, whose veil of secrecy had kept them safely out of range of the Vatican’s onslaught. As the Vatican closed in, the Priory smuggled their documents from a Paris preceptory by night onto Templar ships in La Rochelle.† â€Å"Where did the documents go?† Langdon shrugged. â€Å"That mystery’s answer is known only to the Priory of Sion. Because the documents remain the source of constant investigation and speculation even today, they are believed to have been moved and rehidden several times. Current speculation places the documents somewhere in the United Kingdom.† Sophie looked uneasy. â€Å"For a thousand years,† Langdon continued,† legends of this secret have been passed on. The entire collection of documents, its power, and the secret it reveals have become known by a single name – Sangreal. Hundreds of books have been written about it, and few mysteries have caused as much interest among historians as the Sangreal.† â€Å"The Sangreal? Does the word have anything to do with the French word sang or Spanish sangre – meaning ‘blood’?† Langdon nodded. Blood was the backbone of the Sangreal, and yet not in the way Sophie probably imagined. â€Å"The legend is complicated, but the important thing to remember is that the Priory guards the proof, and is purportedly awaiting the right moment in history to reveal the truth.† â€Å"What truth? What secret could possibly be that powerful?† Langdon took a deep breath and gazed out at the underbelly of Paris leering in the shadows.† Sophie, the word Sangreal is an ancient word. It has evolved over the years into another term†¦ a more modern name.† He paused. â€Å"When I tell you it’s modern name, you’ll realize you already know a lot about it. In fact, almost everyone on earth has heard the story of the Sangreal.† Sophie looked skeptical. â€Å"I’ve never heard of it.† â€Å"Sure you have.† Langdon smiled. â€Å"You’re just used to hearing it called by the name ‘Holy Grail. ‘† How to cite The Da Vinci Code Chapter 33-37, Essay examples

Art Review Forgotten Fence by Carolyn Rosenberger Essay Example For Students

Art Review: Forgotten Fence by Carolyn Rosenberger Essay A formal analysis of Carolyn Rosenberger’s work Forgotten Fence, exhibited in the 69th annual juried art show at the Neville Public Museum. Forgotten Fence is a watercolor painting on rice paper covered clay board. The piece is conceptually pieced together depicting eerie like trees and a rickety old fence on a hill using a washed out mute color scheme. Rosenberger’s composition is strategically pieced together using the formal elements line, color, shape, space, and texture to give her work an overall gentle but cold feeling. To start off lines plays a subtle role in the composition and are rather faint to the viewer, giving the painting its initial washed out feeling as if you were in a haze looking upon the scenery. Lines within the composition can be found forming the horizon line and the boundaries of the trees and fence. The lines throughout the composition are mainly soft, shallow curvilinear, which defines what we first see as a landscape in a natural setting. As well, such use of lines draw our eyes towards the mid-section of the image, where the line use implies continuation of the landscape beyond the picture plane. However, line in this piece does not necessarily play an important nor a dominate role in the overall feeling of the composition. Color is another formal element used within Rosenberger’s painting. The colors are mainly washed out and muted. However, the way she uses the color scheme strongly defines space and unity within the composition. From her dark browns and oranges to her faint blues and yellows, Rosenberg successfully created a mood for the painting. For instance, the dark values ranges in the piece create a sense of mystery and help bring out the feeling with in the setting as being a forgotten place. However, the way she uses the lighter values brings out the intensity of the painting itself, which gives the composition a gentle and welcoming feel despite its ominous appearance. Shape is used to create the main setting of this painting, giving it its landscape quality. The shape ranges within the composition range from organic and three dimensional to flat and space defining. The organic and asymmetrical forms reside mainly at the top of the composition which draws our eyes towards the fence, while the remainder of the image is filled with textural and space defining qualities. However shape is not a defining or dominant element of the image itself. Rosenberger’s piece is particularly interesting through her use of both positive and negative space as well as three-dimensional space. The use of both has a great impact of the overall quality of the work. The positive and negative space used makes the work engaging to the viewer and ethically pleasing to the eye. It also creates interest in regards to the concepts portrayed such as the â€Å"forgotten fence† painted strategically with in the positive space of the composition. The positive and negative space are also particularly interesting in this piece because the positive space depicted is mainly within the dark value ranges while the negative space is within the light value ranges. Such used of space gives the painting a feeling of isolation. However, three-dimensional space is only suggested within the image through Rosenberger’s use of proportional qualities, such as the trees the horizon, and fence. It also creates a sense of unity and connection of all elements used. Now the rice paper overlaid on a clay board plays a big role in the formation of texture with in this piece. Texture is one of the main elements that gives this composition its interest. The use of rice paper gives the viewer a visual sense of how the scene might physically feel if touched in real life. Also, the use of rice paper as a textural quality brings unity throughout the image, with its natural texture complimenting the painted texture of the tree branches. Rosenberger is also able to portray further texture through her use of color, line, and shading, giving the grass a thick and deep feeling. Her thick and gestural strokes further enhance the qualities of texture within the composition adding and sense of energy with in. .u72ce940b1c95abe2a3e924a6884dbfc1 , .u72ce940b1c95abe2a3e924a6884dbfc1 .postImageUrl , .u72ce940b1c95abe2a3e924a6884dbfc1 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u72ce940b1c95abe2a3e924a6884dbfc1 , .u72ce940b1c95abe2a3e924a6884dbfc1:hover , .u72ce940b1c95abe2a3e924a6884dbfc1:visited , .u72ce940b1c95abe2a3e924a6884dbfc1:active { border:0!important; } .u72ce940b1c95abe2a3e924a6884dbfc1 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u72ce940b1c95abe2a3e924a6884dbfc1 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u72ce940b1c95abe2a3e924a6884dbfc1:active , .u72ce940b1c95abe2a3e924a6884dbfc1:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u72ce940b1c95abe2a3e924a6884dbfc1 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u72ce940b1c95abe2a3e924a6884dbfc1 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u72ce940b1c95abe2a3e924a6884dbfc1 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u72ce940b1c95abe2a3e924a6884dbfc1 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u72ce940b1c95abe2a3e924a6884dbfc1:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u72ce940b1c95abe2a3e924a6884dbfc1 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u72ce940b1c95abe2a3e924a6884dbfc1 .u72ce940b1c95abe2a3e924a6884dbfc1-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u72ce940b1c95abe2a3e924a6884dbfc1:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Milanese and Siennese school EssayTexture along with value and line is what makes this scene so intriguing, and inviting but yet desolate at the same time. Rosenberger strategically organized her use of the formal elements in such a manner, giving more importance to one than another, that the composition itself is unique and stands out amongst other similar works. She not only limited her pallet but used the natural qualities of her media to direct the feeling of the painting, giving into the concept of the forgotten fence. However, her is far from forgettable it is both engaging and mysterious at the same time. The viewer looks upon the work with wonders of where this is, when it is, and why is such a place so forgotten. Its peaceful, the values bring out a calm feeling, as if you could see yourself -sitting up on the hill reading a book on a crisp autumn morning. Also, her texture not only give you the physical feeling of being there, but even enhances a familiar sent of being in the leaves, and breathing chilled air. But all together, the formal elements line, color, shape, space, and texture are what gives her work its overall importance that makes the composition ecstatically pleasing. Rosenberger’s Forgotten Fence interested me due to its small scale and use of mix media. The rice paper is what I found to be the most interesting. I liked how it gave the composition a thick and chunked up appearance, which enhanced the feelings I got from the set scenery of the image. It engaged me and made me think of a place I had once been before, a place that I had forgotten. The image is simple, it’s just a fence on a hill, nothing special, but a kind of place that just about everyone has experienced before, but maybe never paid much mind too. The piece is relatable, which allowed me to draw on each one of my senses to feel the painting both visually and physically through my eyes. I could even catch a scent in the air of what it would be like there, crisp cold air, the scent of the fall foliage and the first season’s snow. On top of the work being a forgotten relation to the viewer, I found it to be ecstatically pleasing though her use of scale, value, and shape arrangement. Even surrounded by many larger scale works I was still drawn to this piece first from a distance. Her organization of shapes brought my eyes to the painting, but her used of texture is what drew me in, I wasnt sure what I was looking at so I had to get a closer look. Then as soon as I stepped in front of it all the memories of being a kid running around out at my uncles farm, chasing kittens, and thinking I’d get lost in his woods came back to me. A simple painting alone gave me all that, which is why I choose Rosenberger’s Forgotten Fence, it was the only piece that brought back a flood of memories for me.

Weight Loss Alternatives

Introduction Since the onset  of this century, one of the most  prevalent  problems that has afflicted the  society, especially  in the developed countries, is that of obesity. Hendrick asserts that up to 63.1% of adults in America are suffering from this health anomaly (Hendrick, 2010). Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Weight Loss Alternatives specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This figure implies that two out of every three American adults are obese. This finding suggests  that thousands of Americans are at risk of contracting medical conditions such as diabetes, high-blood pressure, high cholesterol levels, and heart attacks. This is  primarily  the reason why the  focus  of  numerous  television advertisements, according to Grannis (2008), has shifted towards  alternative  weight loss solutions for Americans. Some of these solutions have occasionally come under heavy criticism, prob ably due to competitive reasons, yet, they seem to be viable options for losing that extra weight. This  article  gives some of these alternative solutions, their pros and cons, and a  conclusive  argument about each method. Controlled Breathing As a common  exercise  during regular Yoga classes, controlled breathing seems to be the least of the alternatives that can  assist  a person to lose weight.  Nevertheless,  latest studies  reveal  that breathing in a controlled fashion burns excess body fats. How does this occur? A big  portion  of body fat constitutes fragments of oxygen, carbon and hydrogen.  According to WeightLossfor All (2010), addition of oxygen to the body through inhalation will  inevitably  break down the fatty  compound  into water molecules and carbon dioxide and secreted through urination and exhalation respectively. For a normal human being, taking deep breaths that  lasts five seconds in the inhalation process, then exh aling through the mouth, is a  sure  way of achieving this goal. The same  article  advises that one should  exercise  this  procedure  at least eight times every  minute  to burn the fat in the body. Asthanga is a Yoga related  treatment  that uses this breathing technique (Carter, 2010). Scientists have made discoveries that suggest that this hypnosis method converts fats conceived through stress, thyroid issues and poor eating habits into  body  waste. For athletes, using the same method to relax after  vigorous  activity  also helps in burning extra fats in the body.Advertising Looking for essay on health medicine? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More There are certain advantages that are associated with controlled breathing methods. The most  outstanding  advantage  in using this method of losing weight is how cheap it would  possibly  be. According to the mentioned sources, the pe rson engaging in this alternative method will only have to subject himself to controlled breathing. Nevertheless, Carter also points out that there is some information from Yoga experts that one needs to be aware of while practicing these techniques in order to  have the desired effects. Other advantages mentioned by Carter  include  the holistic cleansing of  certain  systems of one’s body. While performing this procedure, she claims that the colon as well as the digestive system receives purification. Large amounts of oxygen in the body works well in detoxifying the internal organs in one’s body. Another  system  that receives cleansing is the respiratory system, whereby eradication of toxic substances that sublime along the lungs takes place. One of the disadvantages of using this  method  as an  alternative  weight loss  method  is that it is slow. It will take a lot of time for a normal person to lose a significant number of pounds. In a ddition, there is a lot of  external  influence  that may hamper this method, including eating habits,  day-to-day  activities and stresses and strains of life. These factors have to  play  to the  person’s  advantage  in  order  for controlled breathing methods to  take  effect entirely (iloveindia.com, 2010). Another disadvantage is the fact that it can  play  as a muscle builder, rather than a relaxation  procedure  for athletes. This is not  particularly  a  disadvantage  for all athletes, but some sports require minimum muscles in certain body parts.  Continuous controlled breathing, according to WeightlossForAll increases the rates at which the heart pumps blood to the body.  This may be hazardous to people with weaker cardiovascular mechanisms. Overall, controlled breathing seems to be quite a  working  method  of losing weight. Though it may require constant  practice  and patience, the advantages of doing this along other weight reduction methods do  bring  the desired results. The use of Lipozene There are  certain  pills called Lipozenes that may assist in loss of  weight  in a quicker way than the methods mentioned earlier. Lipozene is made from  konjac, a plant with tough fibers. It has the ability to  make  the user feel full by slowing down the food digestion process (Monson Schoenstadt, 2009). Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Weight Loss Alternatives specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Nevertheless, Monson in his  review  asserts that there is a need for much research to  determine  the degree of its  effect  in reduction of weight loss in a  normal  human being. Primary suggestions show that Lipozene contains a  certain  ingredient, glucomannan, which has an  effect  on the fatty tissue of the human body.   According to Grannis,  there  are suggestions that seem t o  validate  the above  theory  by stating that glucomannan has the  ability  to reduce the sugar level of the user (2008). In addition, the article mentions that it also lowers cholesterol and fat qualtities in the body. On face value, the drug seems to give quite an innovative way to coerce the human being into reducing fats in the body.  The direct  advantage  of using Lipozene is that the  pill  itself is a  supplement. This means that the  drug  contains all the advantages that supplements have, that is, it is a fiber. As stated earlier, fibers assists in the digestive system of the  body  by cleaning it up. The other advantage is that fiber in the digestive system reduces the amount of food that one consumes. Hawarth, a specialist in  nutrition  as mentioned in Askville (2008)  asserts  that 14 grams of fiber each day in the diet can reduce the amount of  real  food that the person would otherwise consume by 4 pounds. This significan t reduction in the end gives us our second  advantage; controlled eating habits. Finally, the chemical within this ingredient has some medicinal value.  Glucomannan,  as stated earlier  does not only reduce a person’s  weight, but also assists the body through reduction of blood sugar and cholesterol (Kennedy, 2010).  The balancing of these two factors in one’s body is  necessary, and since  overweight  people suffer from these imbalances, this chemical content might be of value in their recovery. Natural ways Natural ways of losing weight are the steadiest and most  consistent  ways of according to some health experts. The  body  itself can burn the fat that an  overweight  individual has in their body; it only takes  healthy  and permanent changes in how one perceives food. Instead of removing unhealthy foods from ones diet abruptly, one can  begin  by adding healthier foods to their diet. This will ensure that they are  full  and will have less  space  in their stomach for the unhealthy foods. Increasing ones protein intake helps them to  feel  full for longer periods because they increase the amount of time it takes the food to reach the stomach (Nicks, 2010);  vegetables and fruits also  provide  vitamins and phytonutrients that make one  full.  Eating healthy boosts one’s energy leading them to start exercising, this helps in  naturally  burning accumulated fats as well as boosting more energy. New research has shown that exercises release a hormone that suppresses ones appetite naturally.Advertising Looking for essay on health medicine? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Physical activity lowers the risk of high-blood pressure, heart disease and heart attacks, and, at the same time, lowering the cholesterol levels in the body, which lead to clogged arteries (Mayo, 2010). One down side to going to the gym or jogging to lose weight is that it can lead to  many  injuries incase one is using the  equipment  in the wrong way or if they  strain  themselves too much. In addition, incase ones  schedule  becomes too busy and  stop  the  exercise  that they had begun, it will  lead  to one gaining weight all again. Aromatherapy The  word  aromatherapy seems as if it has nothing to do with weight loss. On the contrary, Aromatherapy motivates one to  diet  or even  go  for  exercise. Smell  therapy  also stimulates some feelings as well as memories (Ehrlich, 2009). For example, the use of grapefruit oil is a  common  exercise motivator for people who want to keep fit. On the down low, aromatherapy is  an  ex tremely expensive form of healing that requires a lot of equipment, a lot of  knowledge  in chemistry and it consumes a lot of time. The aroma of some foods motivates people to eat, as is the case where one enters a restaurant and orders something because it smells appetizing. This can lead to overeating and thus a person ends up adding more weight. Acupuncture The Chinese have used this  approach  as a form of  therapy  for many centuries. The most experienced acupuncturist studies how energy flows in the body and how it impedes or controls digestion. It has been proven that metabolism impediments can be unblocked if needles are applied in the  specific  body regions (Helmz, 2006). This procedure also helps the  body in controlling a raging  appetite  as well as keeping the individual on track in their  goal  for weight loss. Acupuncture though being low-risk  can have some dangers associated to it.  Failure to sterilize the needles can cause disease transmission having in mind that the transmission of Hepatitis B and C is possible even when using sterilized needles.  Placing the needles carelessly can cause damage to the brain, lungs and other organs incase deep needling is done in these areas.   On a less serious note, some people have complained of headaches, fatigue, and  nausea  or even in other cases, a worsening of the symptoms after acupuncture. Drinking water The kidneys need a lot of water to be able to clean up the blood (Donald, 2010).  If there is not enough water, the liver performs both of these roles, a  function  that will lead to it lowering  productivity  reduction, which is converting fats to energy.  The above inefficiency leads to the body storing up fats and leads to weight gain. Some experts say that drinking cold water enhances burning of fat, which eventually leads to weight loss and  in addition,  drinking a lot  of water leads to a loss of appetite, which is a step in the ri ght direction for anyone who wants to look  lean  and  healthy. Giving the  body  a lot of water makes it to eliminate the water that it had stored in places like the ankles, thighs or even around the belly in order to create a balance. This can be a  disadvantage  because if one goes through a long  period  without water, the body will have no  reserve  to depend on. Detox and Raw Diets Detox diets are those diets that get rid of impurities in the  body, the body’s inability to remove these toxins leads to illness. Toxins  are  poisonous substances that interfere with the bodies normal functions (Wong, 2010). Raw diets are meals that are made up of uncooked foodstuff. These diets lead to  fast  and natural weight loss that improves people’s health at the same time boosting their energy. Though they have many advantages, these types of weight loss  alternatives require  total commitment; detox diets usually lead to cases of low  im munity  and nutrient  deficiency; some foods  gain  nutritional  value  after being cooked. Some people’s digestive systems cannot handle raw foods because of the nature of the foods despite having all the enzymes they  require. Colon cleansing The colon is a  vital  part in the digestive system, but if toxins  clog  it with wastes and fecal  material, it does not work effectively because the body gets tired quickly and lacks the  energy  to burn the fat. When a colon is cleansed the necessary nutrients and vitamins can be absorbed more easily and incase one is on a diet, they can  follow  it without difficulty. This  practice  supplies a person with additional energy, reduces the  weight  and enhances metabolism. Colon cleansing is  specific  to an individual. One can lose a lot of  weight  from a colon cleanse diet while another may not. Some factors that lead to this  disparity  include eating habits, metabolism, and exe rcise routines. Some colon cleanse diets like the lemon juice stipulates that no solid foods are allowed for a period of ten days, during this time, one has to take a salt-water flush while during the afternoon they  take  laxative tea each morning. These  diet  requirements  are quite a challenge and force many people to quit a few days after they have started the weight loss program. Bariatric Surgery This surgery places a  physical  obstacle to the calories that one can take over a period.  Some procedures  act  as  early  signs of  fullness  while others act as a barrier.  This leads to an  individual  eating less food and then their body turns to the excess  fat  that it has stored as an immediate source of energy. The common types of this surgery are gastric bypass, gastric banding and gastroplasty. Many patients have successfully gone through these procedures making it a remarkably  safe  and effective weight loss  method. However , like every other surgery, it can  get  complex  and  has  its own risks. Conclusion There are  very  many ways of losing weight, whereby each has its  advantages  and disadvantages. It is in the hands of  whoever is losing the  weight  to  choose  the  method  that is most  suitable  and convenient for them. Someone ought to be extremely careful in choosing which method to  employ, giving preference to those that have the least risks as compared to their effectiveness. References Askville. (2008). How does lipozene work to assist users in losing weight? Retrieved from http://askville.amazon.com/lipozene-work-assist-users-losing-weight/AnswerViewer.do?requestId=10716538 Carter, D. (2010). Yoga Weight Loss A Healthy Alternative: Penetration of Disaster. Retrieved from http://www.preventionofdisaster.org/article/yoga-weight-loss-a-healthy-alternative Donald, S. (2010). The Water Health Report: How eight glasses a day keeps the fat off! Retrieved from http://www.colonhealth.net/free_reports/h2oartcl.htm Ehrlich, D. (2009). Aromatherapy. Medical Center. MA: University of Maryland. Retrieved from http://www.umm.edu/altmed/articles/aromatherapy-000347.htm Grannis, J. (2008). Effective Lipozene alternatives for losing weight quickly. Helium:Diet and Weight loss. Retrieved from http://www.helium.com/items/779044-effective-lipozene-alternatives-for-losing-weight-quickly Helmz, M. (2006). Doctor, what’s this Acupuncture all About. Retrieved from http://www.medicalacupuncture.org/acu_info/articles/aboutacupuncture.html Hendrick , B. (2010). Americans Are Eating Poorly, Exercising Less, and Getting Bigger, Survey Finds. Retrieved from http://www.webmd.com/about-webmd-policies/default.htm?ss=ftr Ilonveindia. (2010). Yoga for Weight Reduction: Yoga Benefits. Retrieved from http://yoga.iloveindia.com/yoga-benefits/weight-reduction.html Kennedy, D., (2010). What Are the Benefits of Lipozene. Retrieved from http://www.ehow.com/fact s_5002039_what-benefits-lipozene.html Mayo, C. (2010). Exercise: A drug-free approach to lowering high blood pressure. Retrieved from http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/high-blood-pressure/HI00024 Monson, K., and Schoenstadt, A. (2009). Lipozene. Retrieved from http://weight-loss.emedtv.com/lipozene/lipozene.html Nicks, J. (2010). How to Fix a Slow Digestive System. Retrieved from http://www.buzzle.com/articles/slow-digestive-system.html WeightLossForAll. (2010). Can breathing really affect potential weight loss. Retrieved from http://www.weightlossforall.com/breathing-techniques-x.htm Wong, C. (2010). Learn About the Detox Diet. Retrieved from http://altmedicine.about.com/cs/dietarytherapy/a/Detox_Diet_Plan.htm This essay on Weight Loss Alternatives was written and submitted by user Mr.Immortal to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

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buy custom Mythology essay Myths address the motivations and the deepest psychological needs of the human race, which explain why myth is considerably similar all over the world. The story forming a particular myth addresses the certain themes. These themes are usually a part of the needs of human beings. Since humans needs are common throughout the world, the story in a myth reflects the experience of humans across a large segment of the planet and of time experience. Thus, they have a strong wisdom coming from the human communal experience across thousands of years. Myth speaks to humans shared dreams, common needs, motivations, desires and actions that result from them. List three each of five different types of comparative deities; include names and origins. (Example: Supreme deity: Zeus (Greek), Jupiter (Roman), God (Christian Creator deity, Culture hero, Mother goddess, Sky deity, solar deity? The most common types of myths across the humanity are: Sagas - these are mainly based on great historical events; legends - they are fictional stories and are associated with a historical place or person; and folk tales - they are just simple adventure narratives. Christianity grew out of the Mystery religions and holds many similarities yet today. List the comparative rites between Christanity and those of Attis found in the italicized paragraph on page 197. Attis was killed and resurrected after three days, which is similar to Jesus death. Secondly, Attis mother is known as the virgin goddess; comparable to Jesus mother - Virgin Mary. Attis birth is celebrated on the 25th December, similar to Jesus. Per our discussions, how was gold mined in ancient Colchis? The miners obtained gold using sheepskin. They spread a sheepskin over a board or in some way flattened it. They then placed the skin in the river and fixed it, the fleece being on the upper side, in a way that the stream would not carry it away. When the fleece soaked, it would trap gold particles. The miners withdrew the skin after some time and spread it on the ground for it to dry. When it dried, they beat it, shaking out the gold grains. What is the true message of the story of Hermaphroditus and Salmacis? The story is about the son of Aphrodite and Hermes who leaves home and goes to a spring in Caria. Salmacis is the name given to this spring. The name was for a nymph that fell in mad love for a Hermaphroditus, but did seduce him. However, while he bathed in the spring, Salmacis went forward to a frightened youth, and clung to the boy with his arms and legs around his body. He then kissed the boy, but the boy tried to fight Salmacis. Salmacis then prayed and asked the gods never to separate them from each other. The gods answered by fusing their bodies and there and then Salmacis found his body with both male and female genital and was upset. He said that any boy who bathed there would also undergo the same. Per our discussions (attachment), how are Artemis and the word Honeymoon connected? Artemis is the Greek goddess of childbirth, hunting and wildlife. She was known as Diana in the Roman mythology. She is associated with the moon, just as Apollo is associated with the sun. 8.) Who was the original deity of Delphi? Python 9.) In Blackfoot society, who owned the tipi? In this society, there are only few distinguished families that own tipis. The medicines designs originated from dreams and could be handed down to other generations. Also, it could be traded in proper ceremonies, and the rituals passed from one owner to another. 10) In her Introduction, Mary Shelley tells us in one powerful sentence why she felt her monster had to be frightening, because Victor Frankenstein tried to play God; find and quote Shelleys own words. The pale student of unhallowed arts kneeling beside the thing he had put together; to mock the stupendous mechanism of the Creator of the world by giving the "spark of life" to a "hideous corpse"(Mary). Buy custom Mythology essay

Global strategy (MBA market) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Global strategy (MBA market) - Essay Example In seeking to establish a Business School in London, England, this business plan will build a sales, investment, marketing, and operations plan for the ‘International School of Business Innovation’ to be established in 2011. The school will initially pursue a goal of enrolling domestic and international students in an online program with a 4 week on-site seminar in London conducted yearly. In initiating operations, the school will market to and see the enrollment of both foreign and domestic students. Due to the limitations of budget, initial marketing internationally will be conducted in a manner that targets the students of India and Pakistan particularly, due to the demand for higher business education in those countries popularly. PART 2: BUSINESS PLAN: 1. Introduction In building and establishing a Business School in London with an intention of offering MBA (Masters of Business Administration) degrees to international and domestic students, the most important factor s are the business plan, philosophy of education, and location. In searching for the ethos for the school, the general approach to business that would guide operations from a position of philosophy, the management committee evaluated the writing, work, and experience of many of the top 100 CEOs internationally and historically. One of the most respected CEOs is Jack Welch, the former General Electric business leader who is well known for innovation in the corporate sphere and managing companies at the highest level. Jack Welch is currently associated with an online MBA school in the United States that offers an affordable business education to students anywhere in the world. â€Å"As a part of his effort to provide quality educations at an affordable cost, the Jack Welch Management Institute moves away from the stereo type business institutions that charge their students an average $100,000 for a MBA degree . On average, The Jack Welch Management Institute charges $600 per credit h our. This translates to students receiving an accredited MBA degree for just over $20,000. The realization of his dream for a management institute came through the coming together of a group of investors led by Michael Clifford who purchased the ailing Myers University in Cleveland in 2008. These investors hammered out a deal with Welch to establish the Jack Welch Institute of Management based on his management style and philosophy that brought him and general electric to the heights they both attained in society.† (OnlineEdu, 2010) As a start-up business venture, the MBA School proposed for establishment in London will follow the online MBA program model given as example in the Jack Welch Management Institute and seek to provide affordable, world-class business education to students worldwide in the form of an online-only school. 2. Overview of International Business School The first aspect required for the development of the project of creating an online MBA program for inte rnational and domestic students is to create a management team and business plan for the venture. In managing the main operations executively myself, I see also a need for a minimum of a five person management team who would oversee the establishment of the school. This group would lead the effort to secure financing, sign the lease for the

Midterm exam Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Midterm exam - Coursework Example Accordingly, the following analysis will specifically focus on these changes with respect to workforce and illustrate the means by which different scholarly articles have engaged this issue and determines how it might be addressed in the near future. Accordingly, the following response will be broken down into four distinct sections. The first of these will be with respect to a summary of the major arguments presented within each article (a literature review in a sense). The second section will be with respect to an assessment of the contribution each article makes. Thirdly, a discussion that connects significant developments and trends with respect to strategic human capital management will be provided and lastly a discussion with respect to recommendations of articles that should be included in the course reading list will be made based upon the recommendations that have been analyzed and contributions that these respective authors have provided. Yarnall’s (2014) article illustrates the changing dynamics and employer’s face with respect to engaging an increasingly diverse workforce that oftentimes understands direction, metrics, and deliverables, in a variety of different ways. As a function of this new dynamic and hardship, the article focuses upon the approaches that human resource management must take as a function of engaging the stakeholders to a more effective and complete degree. Whereas a great deal of literature has been directed towards the need for diversity and inclusion within human resource departments around the world, the article in question denotes the fact that inclusionary tactics in and of themselves are insufficient with regard to dealing with the changing dynamics of the current workforce. Instead, analysis of the way in which direction is given and third-party recommendations with

Social Psychology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Social Psychology - Essay Example the study o f how behavior due to one sort of environmental event (larger distant or abstract rewards) may come to dominate behavior due to another sort (smaller immediate or particular rewards)†(Rachlin,2000,p.25).Self discipline is also a concept, which is closely related to self control. It is taming oneself, to live a certain way of life. This concept is mainly incorporated by the person in his life, when he wants to achieve a particular task. Mostly, self control is seen as an individual trait and as a measure of self discipline. If a person lacks self control, it is seen as a failure of his character and personality. Self control is the capability of a person to motivate him to do the right thing. It can also be described as stopping ourselves form doing things that we see as bad for us. Self control constitutes a fundamental aspect of human behavior. Self discipline is another name for self control, without which the life of individuals would lead to chaos. Every habit embedded in the human mind is the result of continuous action .So by controlling a behavior he can form or avoid a habit. It can be very well said that, self control is the strong foundation for the building of character in a person. The degree to which an individual think he has control over the events happening to him, is termed as locus of control. â€Å"Internal versus external control, often referred to as locus of control, refers to the degree to which persons expect that reinforcement or an outcome of the behavior is contingent on their own behavior or personal characteristics versus the degree to which person expect that the reinforcement or outcome is a function of chance, luck or fate, is under the control of powerful other, or is simply unpredictable†(Scrimla,Grimaldi ,2002,p.381).People having high locus of control, have a better control on their behavior and desires. These people direct their life in their own designed path, with their own controlled actions and behavior.

Issues for Women in Law Enforcement

Issues for Women in Law Enforcement Women were not considered for law enforcement employment unless it was in a typical job in the profession such as, special units, desk and office jobs and received lower pay. While women were often thought of as being weaker in this profession, they fought to be recognized by constantly trying to prove themselves to be better in a male dominated arena. Women have had their struggles as officers in the police system, they have made advances that wouldnt have been heard of in the early 1900s Overall, women have made great strides in non-traditional careers since the 1950s. With changes in society, cultures and legal mandates have cleared the way for women to become members of law enforcement as well as other male dominated jobs in America and other areas in the world. Compared to the last ten years, law enforcement has changed to meet the demands of a continuing diverse society. We have better trained, educated, and a more diverse law enforcement to help better deal with the issues in our communities. Women were not readily welcomed to this male dominated arena. The role woman played to make this happen has been challenging. Historically, women have always been part of the general workforce in American society, although usually in jobs that fulfilled traditional female employment roles, such as such as nurses, secretaries, schoolteachers, waitresses and flight attendants. Shusta,et al. (2005). In 1845, the first women to be hired by the New York City Police Department were called matrons. In 1888 Massachusetts and New York passed legislation require communities with a population over 20,000 to hire police matrons to care for female prisoners. The early history of women police consisted largely of social service, in which women had to meet higher standards for police employment; Women police officers were given duties that did not allow or require them to work street patrol. Assignments and roles were limited to positions such as juvenile delinquency and truancy prevention, child abuse, crimes against women, and custodial functions. Probably one of the most damaging acts to police officers was their denial to perform basic patrol duties. One of the main reasons for this was male officers also tend to be protective toward women. Being socially conditioned to protect women, they would insist that female officers remain in the police car during traffic stops or arrest. When women were finally given the right, as a Federal law mandating equal opportunity regardless of gender or race, to perform general police work and serve on patrol, they demonstrated their fitness for police work. In many smaller departments, women still hold less than ten percent of law enforcement positions. The National Center for Women and Policing reports that nearly 90 percent of all law enforcement agencies require a physical agility test for job applicants. Women face challenges when hiring practices include physical benchmarks based on male aptitude tests which require more upper body strength than women have, is a practice that has seen some changes in recent years. The survey reveals that departments that do not use the test have 45 percent more women on the force than those with the agility exams. Research has shown that women have encountered difficulties due to negative attitudes of men about being police officers. Most women indicated that when they were exposed to offensive behavior by male officers, they remained quiet for fear of negative male backlash. Sexual harassment is prevalent in most law enforcement agencies. Harassment on the basis of sex is a violation of Section 703 of Civil Rights  Act and is defined as unwelcome or unsolicited sexual advances, request for sexual favors, and other verbal or physical conduct of a sexual nature. Studies have found that 60 to 70 percent of women officers experienced sexual/gender harassment. Even though harassment exists, only 4 to 6 percent of these women ever reported the harassment. This lack of reporting can be directly attributed to the code of silence in law enforcement agencies and severe retaliation that occurs when women report misconduct. Bureau of Justice Assistance (2001). In a 1995 survey, of female officers in a medium sized department, 68 percent responded yes to the question, Have you ever been sexually harassed while on duty by a member of your agency Shusta,et al. (2005). Most of the women revealed that sexual harassment occurs at all levels of an organization and is not limited to male harassment of women. Women, too, can be offenders when they initiate sexual jokes or innuendoes and use of provocative language with men. This kind of behavior usually results in men countering in a similar fashion, which can contribute to and escalate the problem even more. Shusta,et al. (2005). Becoming a police officer might bring about a more radical change to a womans life than male officers. Even today police work is a predominantly male occupation and there persists the notion that assertiveness, aggressiveness, physical capability, and emotional toughness are male characteristics necessary to perform the job, but when female officers display these qualities they are often perceived as cold, emotionless, and uncaring. Lyman, M. D. (2005). According to male police officers, catching criminals is associated with bravery and danger, making it a mans job. It is believed by male officers that female officers cannot protect their male counterparts in confrontations where strength is required. Women who are accepted into the brotherhood of police or correctional officers have generally had to become one of the guys Shusta,et al. (2005). It is believed that if a woman has a hard walk, tends to be too hard, or too unemotional she may become criticized by her co-workers and supervisors. If she is too feminine or not sufficiently aggressive, men will not take her seriously and she will not do well in either police or correctional work. When women are confronted with a dilemma: they must be aggressive enough to do the job but feminine enough to be acceptable to male peers, and the must also be able to take different approaches to problems. Shusta,et al. (2005). In the corrections arena, male officers argued that women could not handle the violence and confrontations with inmates that occur in prisons. In a recent study it was found that women officers tended to respond to violent situations as aggressively as their male co-workers, and sometimes more aggressively. Women officers also seemed to have less trouble with the inmates than did their male counterparts; although they were harassed when they first appeared on the job. Clear and Cole (2003). Male inmates in minimum custody had surprisingly low opinions of women performing as correction officers, however, maximum custody inmates had high opinions of their competency and felt that such officers would be calm and cool in  problem situations. Female officers were thought to exert a softening influence on the environment making it more livable and less violent. Clear and Cole (2003). The status of women in correctional law enforcement with comparisons between the percentages of women sworn in as state, county and municipal officers indicate a huge difference. (http://www.womenandpolicing.org/PDF/2002_Status_Report.pdf 2010) Although there has been advantages and a broad leap for women in the law enforcement arena there has also been setbacks. Gender discrimination and double standards have always had women thinking that they had to perform and do better than male officers. They are often placed in jobs that are traditionally held by women police officers, such as domestic violence, child abuse, juveniles, and school programs. They are not usually considered for the more traditionally male jobs such as SWAT teams, gang units, narcotics, and homicide. Women usually face the difficult task of having the dual role of parent and career. Issues with child care, maternity leave, family responsibilities, flexible work schedules, job sharing, and mentoring and support groups. This can be especially hard for a single parent. If women had children when they entered law enforcement frequently find that they have a hard time balancing their commitments to family and work causing a significantly higher divorce rate than do male officers and have a lower group than the national female rate. Shusta,et al. (2005). More modernized police organizations try to show support by changing work schedules, being placed on light duty, Disability insurance and paid leave benefits. The proportion of women among sworn police personnel has steadily grown since the early 70s. In 1972 a survey of cities serving populations of 250,000 or more revealed that women comprised of only 2 percent of uniformed law enforcement personnel. In 1978, women made up 4.2 percent of sworn personnel in municipal departments serving populations over 50,000. By the end of 1986, the proportion of women had risen to 8.8 percent of all sworn officers in these agencies and by 1991, 9 percent of police were women. While women may face many difficulties, sexual harassment, gender discrimination, and overall discrimination in the law enforcement field, the lack of women role models is a barrier for many women who are interested in policing as a career. It is essential that departments there are the few that is paving the way for women. In 2003, Annetta W. Nunn took the became Chief of Police in Birmingham Alabama, she sat in a chair once occupied by Eugene Bull Connor, who was an segregationist and a national symbol of the Souths flight against integration who jailed thousands of civil rights demonstrators during the 1960s when Chief Nunn was four years old in 1963. Schmalleger (2005). During her tenure, Chief Nunn was a 23 year veteran of the department heading a force of 838 men and women. In February 2005, Massachusetts had a celebration to its three top women in law enforcement. Boston police commissioner Kathleen OToole leads the nations oldest department. Suffolk county sheriff Andrea Cabral is in charge of 2,500 inmates and Massachusetts corrections commissioner Kathleen Dennehy oversees 18 prisons across the state. Each is the first woman to hold her position. Thompson (2006). In 2006, Cathy Lanier was appointed as the first ever female chief of Police Washington, D.C., by Mayor Adrian Fenty. She officially assumed the position on January 2, 2007. Chief Lanier has been with the Metropolitan Police Department beginning in 1990 with most of her career as a uniformed patrol officer, where she served as the Commander of the Fourth District, one of the largest and most diverse residential patrol districts in the city. She also served as the Commanding Officer of the Departments Major Narcotics Branch and Vehicular Homicide Units. Chief Laniers story is a testimony to overcoming strife and the hardships that life can bring. At the age of 15, she was an expectant mother, and dropped out of high school, but through determination and the willingness to succeed; she continued to pursue her education, despite having family support, she achieved and reached her goal to achieve academic and professional goals in a short matter of time. Premdas, P. (n.d.). Joanne Takasato was Honolulu Hawaiis first undercover female narcotics police officer during the 1980s who broke barriers had almost single handedly taken most of the Hawaiian island of Oahus drug dealers off the streets of Hawaii. Her 394 page book tells the story about how she was forced to sever all ties with family, and friends to create a new identity and lifestyle that would get her accepted into the drug community but to also remain undetected as an undercover officer and had almost lost everything she had known to include her family as well as her sanity in the process. This is some of the examples of some of the police women who have paved the way and proved themselves as mentors for women who would want to pursue criminal justice as a profession. It is essential that departments that want to attract women candidates have women working in a variety of different positions to highlight the many opportunities that a department has to offer and the equity in the promotional process and assignment to special units. Female officers working as detectives, tactical team officers, street supervisors and high ranking administrators need to exist on a department to maintain some sort of written policy on and procedure on recruitment. Law enforcement today is facing a crisis a loss of public confidence and trust in the wake of police scandals that are unparalleled in recent history. Highly publicized incidents of excessive force and police corruption have generated shocking headlines Los Angeles, New York, Texas, Louisiana, New Jersey, Washington, Seattle, and Chicago. Police brutality and corruption lawsuits are costing taxpayers millions of dollars each year and the number and costs are only increasing. With the payouts increasing, taxpayers will demand that officers and their organizations be held accountable for their actions. Lonsway et al. (2003) Research conducted both in the United States and internationally clearly demonstrates that women rely on a style of policing that uses less physical force are better at defusing and de escalating potentially violent confrontations with citizens and are less likely to become involved in situations with use of excessive force. Lonsway et al. (2003) As an additional benefit, female officers often respond more effectively to  incidents of violence against women, a crime that represents approximately half of all violent crimes calls to police. Lonsway et al. (2003) The National Center for Women Policing states that there are six advantages for law enforcement agencies that hire and retain more women: 1. Female officers are proven to be as competent as their male counterparts In one study, female police executives were found to be more flexible, emotionally independent, self-assertive, self confident, proactive, and creative than their male counterpart. 2. Female officers were less likely to use excessive force; One study found that male officers were the target of 50% more insults by citizens and almost three times as many threats or attempts at injury in comparison with their female peers. 3. More female officers will improve law enforcements response to violence against women. A 1985 study found that female officers demonstrated more concern, patience and understanding than their male colleagues when responding to calls of domestic violence. Battered women who had contact with a female officer rated the police response as more helpful than those without such contact. They also rated the performance of female officers more favorably. 4. Increasing the presence of female officers reduces problems of sex discrimination and harassment within a law enforcement agency. One of the most prominent impacts is in promotional opportunities. Male and female officers report the same desire for promotion, yet these opportunities are even seen as less available to women in comparison with their male counterparts. This is likely to be part of the explanation for the higher turnover rate that is consistently seen among female officers, at the academy and on the job. 5. The presence of women can bring about beneficial changes in policy for all officers. The Police Foundation noted in 1974 that the introduction of women will create in incentive to management practices which are less acceptable now that they must be applied to men and women alike. This may result in the development of improved selection criteria, performance standards, and supervision for all officers. 6. Female officers implement community-oriented policing One study found that instructors indicated that female officers have an advantage over their male peers in several areas, including empathy toward others and interacting in a way that is not designed to prove something. Lonsway et al. (2003) In conclusion, throughout history women have made a way for themselves by showing that they can compete with men if they when given the opportunity. As police officers, they have come from being matrons and doing police work that was considered only for women, to being accepted as officers on the force, to becoming Chiefs of Police. Although there are not as many in the force as there should be, police women and chiefs are they are constantly paving the way for the respect and acceptance that is rightfully deserved. Police women should not have to prove themselves to their male counterparts to become a member of a team. Many women have proven to their male counterparts that they can do police work just well as a male, if not better. Police women are needed to close the gender gap and bring a different perspective to policing to make any police force not just unique, but equal.